What is a microgrid?

1.1. Background and motivation A microgrid is a self-contained electrical network with resources including energy storage (ES), renewable energy sources (RES), and controllable loads, which can operate in either grid-connected or island mode , .

How to optimize microgrid energy management?

(2) Current microgrid energy management either employ offline optimization methods (e.g., robust optimization , frequency-domain method ) or prediction-dependent online optimization methods (e.g., MPC , stochastic dynamic programming ).

Can microgrids improve energy resilience?

Microgrids can enhance energy resilience, promote decarbonization, and reduce transmission system investments, but the volatility of RES poses challenges to short-term supply–demand balances , .

What is the role of hydrogen storage in a microgrid?

Load power peaks in winter. Correspondingly, the net load also peaks in winter and hits a low in summer. Therefore, it indicates the critical role of hydrogen storage to address the seasonal variations in renewables and load, as well as to maintain the long-term energy balance of the microgrid. (2) Impact of hydrogen storage efficiency model

Can a microgrid operate in island mode?

Microgrid can operate in both island mode and grid-connected mode. In this paper, we mainly focus on the island mode operation since it presents unique challenges in terms of long-term energy management with high reliability, which are critical for autonomous microgrid operation.

Is OCO a good 0-lookahead optimization method for microgrids?

(3) OCO is a promising “0-lookahead” online optimization method originating from the fields of machine learning and control , . However, OCO lacks a global view of long-term patterns and adaptability to the high volatility of microgrids.